[Bill]

Regarding differences between the KJV and the NIV I suggest reading the following verses in both versions: 1 Timothy 3: 4, 5 and 12. Notice how the KJV classifies both Fathers/Husbands and Church Leaders as "rulers" and the NIV changes "rule" to "manage." Romans 13:3-5 defines rulers as being a terror to evil works but not to good and who praise and reward that which is good and execute wrath on evil. Doing this requires the ability to discern between good and evil and to take appropriate action (see Isaiah 5:20 and Proverbs 17:13). The function of Management is a skill or subordinate position of a ruler (or leader). A definition of management from Websters 3rd New International Dictionary includes "to make and keep submissive," "manipulate," "supervise," "administer," "bring about by contriving." Management is the efficient handling of resources (resources are subhuman) and directing the efforts of people for efficiency and productivity; It contains no requirement for moral discernment or character to support good and oppose evil. It is amoral and needs guidance from a superior. Some people who occupy positions described as management have high personal integrity and can function as rulers or leaders but it's not required by the terminology chosen by the NIV translators. This is a significant difference in meaning which inverts authority. My idea of these functions is that a leader precedes followers in facing adverse situations, tasks, etc. and can then see from subordinates perspective (see through their eyes). By being a leader he is prepared to be a ruler - both by intellectual understanding and personal character. A manager who has usurped authority uses judgements of right and wrong to manipulate and control people and increase or preserve the managers power. A ruler can't do that and meet the requirements of his position.