[chette777]

Romans 13:1-10 Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God. Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same: For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake. For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God's ministers, attending continually upon this very thing. Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour. Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law.

Titus3:1 Put them in mind to be subject to principalities and powers, to obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work,
this verse is a direct ink to
Titus 3:8 This is a faithful saying, and these things I will that thou affirm constantly, that they which have believed in God might be careful to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable unto men.

1Peter 2:13 Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme; Or unto governors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well. For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men:

Above are the teachings of Paul and Peter to the church and people in the past, now and in the Great Tribulation. Their clear understanding that men even those who profess Christ would be prone to rebellion and lawlessness were inspired by God to write unto the believers this most important of Christian living doctrines. Both these Apostles, one the Gentile’s and other to the Jew’s, both support and teach that believers in Christ were to be submitted and subjected to higher governing authority while living in this earth. The three sets of Scriptures above are the base and supporting verse for Believers to submit to the Governing Authority.

Even our Lord Jesus showed his obedience to higher powers in
Mt 17:25-27 He saith, Yes. And when he was come into the house, Jesus prevented him, saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? of whom do the kings of the earth take custom or tribute? of their own children, or of strangers? Peter saith unto him, Of strangers. Jesus saith unto him, Then are the children free. Notwithstanding, lest we should offend them, go thou to the sea, and cast an hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find a piece of money: that take, and give unto them for me and thee.
If anyone had reason not to submit to the Higher Powers or principalities, or to obey every ordinance of man if was our Lord and he gives a good case in the verse above as to why. but he decides not to offend them. Christ reason agrees with that of Paul and Peter as not to offend or be found a transgressor of the law in the governing authorities eyes.

Recently there have come to this Forum men who advocate that because the US is not under a Monarchy that these scriptures no longer apply to believers whose governments are democracies or federal or socialistic. This is rather troublesome to the body and is well outside the Biblical mandate of NT Scriptures.

Quoting from Kent Hovind legal update #20
“I will always contend that Americans no not live under kings or royalty, or any such system. Our leaders are elected and paid SERVANTS of the people, no more no less. In essence they are employees of the citizens. I believe we can apply Romans 13 just fine, right up to the point where the government starts taking our inalienable rights and forgetting that it too is subject to the God who gave them to us.”

Is this true? Are we to only apply Romans 13 "up to a Certain point"? God's word leaves no room for this type of misleading statement. it if full obedience or you face the results of your disobedience i.e jail; time, fines, public news and blaspheming the Lord by your actions before an unbelieving world.

Qutoeing from Calvinistic (political) Eleection#2
God has already determined who is going to win all of the elections (political). I know God "removeth kings, and setteth up kings:"(Daniel 2:21), but “I'm not sure this applies to voting and elections. Its one thing to say God in His foreknowledge knows who will be elected, but its another thing to say He has already determined it”.

While Daniel may not apply directly it is supportive of the fact we are to submit to the higher powers that be which are ordained of God according to Romans 13.

Quoting from Calvinistic (political) Election #3
“Personally, I think it's high time for Christians to stop thinking about our elected politicians as "kings." God delivered us from all that with the Mayflower Compact and the U.S. Constitution. Jesus is our King. There is no royalty in Washington, regardless of what the Kennedy family thinks. They are simply government employees paid for with your tax money, and some of them don't even pay their taxes. Nothing more, nothing less.”

While our brother is correct that elected officials are not kings, his premise is wrong for we are told to give honor to who honor is due, and so forth in Romans 13. Again we are to show respect and submission to those and their laws that have been placed over us.

Some brethren are well knowledgeable in political facts and the US Constitution and make what seem on the surface to be a legitimate argument against people submitting to the higher powers by claiming that these verses deal with our submitting to Kings and Kingdom’s and that we are no longer under such today. That in fact the type of Government we have puts us in the power of position over our duly elected officers. But no matter what their "Personal Feelings" are they are wrong in assuming that the above mentioned scriptures deal only with men and women who have Kings ruling over them.

While no brethren has ever came out and said that we need not submit because we are not under Monarchy anymore, it could be misinterpreted or misunderstood by some of the weaker brethren who are easily blown about by every wind of doctrine, that this is exactly what the brethren are advocating.

So I hereby submit this thread to correct any misunderstanding or misinterpretation that could arise from our brethren’s words. Posted at least twice in different threads here on this Web Forum and possibly on other sites that they may be members of as well.

I propose a question: Is God in charge of the Political Body’s of the world today where there are no Monarchy present?

While verses like, Daniel 2:21 And he changeth the times and the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings:
Psalm75:6, 7 For promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from the south.
But God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up another
Romans 13:1 Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God, clearly teach us that indeed that God is the one who sets up the “powers that be”. These powers are not limited to just Kings or Monarchy. The Biblical language God chose to preserve his word in are very important but not limited to the limited word meaning of today.

While it is true we may not have king’s (except in places like Burma, Thailand and Saudi Arabia) the vast majority of our nations today are dictatorial like that of Rome, Socialistic like Venezuela, Federalist like that of the UK, or Democratic like that of the US. Some are religiously dictatorial like Iran. I think that suffices to show that king’s are not so much in power today as they were in the past. But does this excuse us from obeying Romans 13, Titus3:1 or1Peter2?

How would one come to such a blatantly heretical view of God’s word as to claim the because we are no longer under kings? And that Romans 13 should not be viewed to mean our current government but King's? It is because of two reasons, 1) It comes by not studying the word of God as commanded in 2Tim 2:15, and 2) And it comes by wrongly dividing the word of truth. In the case of the later using the fact that we have no king so we should not view our elected officials as a higher powers that are ordained of God. This is using the When or Who questions of the 5 W’s and the H’s study system and applying it incorrectly with a pretext of Romans 13 already in mind before studying it out.

So let’s begin with some simple word studies to determine what words are used and their meanings. We will use first use rule meaning if applicable and contextual meaning if nothing seems to fit. Let us see if these word are limited to Only Kings.

There are many words used to describe who we are to submit to in our “Doctrine of Submission to Higher Powers”. These are words that represent who the Authority is and are in the sight of God and man. 1) powers, 2) rulers, 3) ministers, 4) king, 5) governors, 6) principalities, and 7) magistrates. You will notice that in these sets of Scriptures quoted above there are seven words used to represent authority here on earth. Seven meaning perfection so in this case for believers, God has not left us perfect rulers, but a perfect system by which we are to obey. And as we an see kings are only one of them.

1) Power, powers

Powers is used only 13 times in all of Scriptures and only found in the N.T. And it is the first word used in the Base “Doctrine of Submission to higher Powers” as this relates to governing Authorities found in Romans 13:1. There are two Greek words for Power Dunamis this word has the meaning of physical power or strength, and Exousia has the meaning of authority and liberty.

Power - is used 261 times Throughout Scriptures and 119 times in the O.T. alone and 142 in the N.T. There are 21 different Hebrew words for Power and Powers in the OT. So we will look at these 21 uses first thent he Greek in the NT.

“Koach” The use found in Genesis 31:6 Here it is the person physical and mental strength of a man. Used more often for power than any other word.

“El” Another use of power is found in Genesis 31:29. This is an interesting Hebrew word. Now “el” is a shortened word God, it literally means almighty, so the power in Laban says he has is authority or the power of God to do Jacob harm. He admits that the El-ohim would not allow him the power over Jacob and so Laban submits to God not to say any bad thing or do any harm as he lays claim to.

“Sarah”this third use of the word Power is found in Genesis 32:28. is from the Hebrew word. Which is like the power of a prince’s in which is it royally decreed with both authority of power and physical strength to rule, reign and conquer.

“Az” the fourth use is found in Genesis 49:3 the Hebrew word meaning here is Exceedingly strong and it has a wicked or evil connotation

“Mashal” A fifth use of the word power is found in Exodus 21:8 This word has the meaning of authority, or rule. Literally in this context this man no longer has authority over the maidservant.

“Yakol” A sixth use is found in Numbers 22:38 Here the meaning of personal action. Literally he is saying, “I have no power over my words but can only speak that which God tells me too”.

“Yad” A seventh use of the word Power is found in Deut 32:36 Here the Hebrew is also translated hand also meaning they were in total confusion with no direction or authority to guide them.

“Chayil” An eight use is found in 1Samuel 9:1 The Hebrew word means pure physcial strength or brute force.

“G@buwrah” A ninth use of the word power is found in 1Chronicles 29:11 The hebrew here is which in this verse has the meaning of complete power over all

“Memshalah” A tenth usage of the word is found in 2Chronicles 32:9 Here the Hebrew word is which represents all those to whom Sennacherib has under his authority and control.

“Oz” An eleventh usage is found in Ezra 8:22 Now this Hebrew word for power (I always wondered where they got the name for the movie “Wizard of Oz”) has a meaning of an attribute to God so here the “his power” is God’s strength or omnipotence - all powerful. By the way this word is used primarily concerning God. Only once is it used concerning an earthly kingdom.

“Shalat” A twelfth use for the word of power found in the OT is Ester 9:1 Here is the Hebrew word which has the literal meaning of to govern or rule over not used in the previous use of the word power in the decree that Haman had the King sign. The reason for the different use is the decree was changed and it would be the Jews who would have the power over their enemies.

“Toqeph” A thirteenth meaning of the word is found in Ester 10:2 Here the Hebrew word is tells us all that was established by the Kings authority.

“Ariyts” A fourteenth use of the word power is found in Psalm 37:35 The Hebrew word which literally means a tyrannical oppressive rule or authority.

“Z@rowa” A fifteenth use is found in Ps 79:11 Here the Hebrew word means power literally by God’s strong arm.

“shiltownz” A sixteenth use of the word Power is found in Eccl 8:4 The word here is of Aramaic derivative which means a potentate power.

“Izzuwz” A seventeenth use is found in Isa 43:17 This Hebrew word is similar to the Japanese word Izusu which also means power - both races are Shemite. It has the meaning of power in numbers or masses as in “united we are strong” or “together we have strength”.

“Checen” An eighteenth use is found in Daniel 2:37 The Hebrew wordof Aramaic derivative with the simple meaning of power for authority over the nations.

“Sh@let” A nineteenth meaning meaning also found in Daniel Daniel 3:27 The Hebrew word is of Aramaic origins. The context gives us the meaning that the fire had no mastery or ability to destroy or harm their bodies.

“Suwr” A Twentieth meaning is found in Hosea 12:4 the Hebrew word meaning is by context Jacob literally he had physical stamina or power over the angel.

And finally the twenty-first meaning of the word Power as found in the O.T. Before we present the Hebrew word let me point out this is the 21st meaning, 7 times 3, for the word power in the Hebrew scriptures.

“Kaph” and is found located in Habakkuk 2:9 The Hebrew word here is it means power in the midst. The context lets us see that he who would not have an evil desire upon his house to exalt himself for if he does not have this evil desire he will be delivered from power of evil that is to come upon them.


There are only a few words that represent power in the N.T.

1) Dunamis -physical strength or power, used more often for the word power than all others combined

2) Exousia - which is Authority that seems to be given by God in most uses, also ones own will power which is you power or authority over oneself

3) Megaleiotes used exclusively of God in the N.T. Is equal to omnipotence or all powerful,

4) Arche which literally means those in the office of Authority over people like police or judges. Used only once for power.

5) Dunatos the context best describes the meaning of this word is “to make his full or ultimate power known”. This word is only used once for power

6) Dunamai the ability to have physical power or strength. It is the root word of the word Dunamis and Dunatos.

7) Kratos Literally means Great Power and in most uses that power is the power of God. Used only six times for the word power.

8) Ischus similar to the Dakota American Native word Ithuse which means power (both races are of the line of Seth) in the context of each use it means glorious power that can be seen or experienced by one from another. Only used twice for the word power

9) Didomi two times this word is used for power that is given, and three times the word power is supplied by the translators to go with this word which means “to give or given”.

Well suffice to say, we have learned a lot about the words power and powers. We see that Power and Powers are used and held by God, Jesus, the Holy Ghost, Kings, Angles and Men in general. We see that these can have power over angles, devils, armies, kingdoms, men and even their own consciences. There is no way we can get from the word powers in Romans 13 to literally mean kings or Monarchy’s only as some brethren have implied.

So let’s look at the other words the Lord inspired in our foundational scriptures we are using for the basis of our Doctrine of “Submission to higher Powers”. This time only if necessary will I look up the meanings from the O.T.. Which leads us to our next word in our study rulers..

But before lets just look at the first meaning of the word Ruler and Rulers as found in the Book of Genesis.

The first use of ruler is found in Genesis 41:43 And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him [ruler] over all the land of Egypt. We see here that the first use of the world ruler in concerning Joseph and that other than the Pharaoh, that is the King of Egypt, Josehp is a ruler but not king. So from the first use we can establish that a ruler is not always a king. However to be fair the word ruler here was added by the translators to the Hebrew word Nathan which means made one in this case made him ruler. In Genesis 43:16 the first use of ruler not supplied is the Hebrew word Bayith which means in the context the one in charge over the affairs of the house.

The first use of the word Rulers in the Scriptures is found in Genesis 47:6 The land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land make thy father and brethren to dwell; in the land of Goshen let them dwell: and if thou knowest any men of activity among them, then make them rulers over my cattle. Here the Hebrew word is Sar one set to watch over, to govern or steward. Jacob and his sons were made overseers of the cattle of the Pharaoh.

2) Rulers -
Rulers is used 21 times in the New Testament

Archisunagogos Is the first use in the NT is concerning those who rule over the Synagogues. It literally it means the Director of the Synagogue. In this case in Matt 5 it was one of many rulers of many synagogues.

Hegemon This is another word used for ruler. It means a ruler of a certain place like a governor of a province, a captain of a Baranagay (a district chairman), it also means a Prince.

Archon This word means the chief of rulers often a prince or a governor. The house of representatives, the Senate and Congress all have chairmen over them, these men would be the Archon or chief rulers. The rulers of rulers. This is also the use found in Romans 13.

Politarches Yes as you can see this is where we get our word Politician from. It is literally what we would equal to our Mayor or a town magistrate. This was equal to our modern day elected official. Generally a Politarche was approved by a local assembly of townsmen and then appointed officially by the Governor.

And finally the last use of the word rulers is
Kosmokrator break it down Kosmo the world and krator is a ruler who seized power and is doing all he can to hold fast that power. It is a epithet for Satan and is only found and used once in Ephesians 6:12 of rulers of darkness of this world

additional words for ruler are
Kathistemi - one who has been appointed to rule over an estate or affairs of another
Architriklinos - the ruler of the feast, and MC or a restaurant owner

There we have seven Greek words all used for the term Rulers. We see that men are rulers in every use of the word ruler and yet none of them can be exclusively used for a King, a Kingdom or a Monarchy.

Our next word is Minister. The use in the is quite simple it is a servant but of a much higher rank as Joshua was the Minister of Moses, Aaron and his sons were minister unto the priest’s office and minister’s unto God.

3) Minister and Ministers

the first use is the word
Diakonos This is the Greek word we get our word deacon. This is the usage in Romans 13 a servant of the people. Diakoneo same root as the first and similar in meaning. This used twice in Romans 13:4 Diakonia same root means one who ministers to others especially in an assmebly

Huperetes a subordinate servant. Literally a servant placed under the charge of another servant. Hupereteo same root as the above word and with the same meaning a subordinate servant

Leitourgos a public servant of a temple or the gospel we get our English words Liturgical and Liturgy from this Greek word.

Ergazomai a minister by trade, a public servant paid for by the people of whom he serves.

Choregeo Literally means a dance leader, by implication this minister when he ministers to a ministers, he also ministers to those under that minister. a person who teaches one, who in turn teaches another. A teacher of teachers per say or a minister of ministers.

Didomi we saw this word used for Power now here as minister. See above

Parecho to bring occasion in the context to bring questions.

We have looked at all the meanings for Minister and Ministers in the NT and we can see that men only minister and we see that their actions and words minister. But again we cannot conclude that Ministers only applies to Kings, Kingdom or Monarchy’s

4) King

Pretty much a King is the supreme over a land a people and nations who he has conquered. Only two Greek words for king or kings. The second use listed is only used as a plural for kings.

Basileus or Basileuo a sovereign, to rule or King this is the use found in our base supporting scripture of 2Peter 2:13.

5) Governors
This word is used 21 times total in the whole Bible but only 3 times in the New Testament. Basically these are men to rule over other men in regions, provinces, Cities and districts. While Governor is used 24 times in the New Testament

Hegemon see above under rulers.
Hegemoneuo same root as above meaning to act as ruler:--be governor. This word is only used twice and only in Luke.
Hegeomai same root as above to lead, i.e. command (with official authority); figuratively, to deem, i.e. consider:--account, (be) chief, count, esteem, governor, judge, have the rule over, suppose, think.

Oikonomos a house-distributor (i.e. manager), or overseer, i.e. an employee in that capacity; by extension, a fiscal agent (treasurer); figuratively, a preacher (of the Gospel):--chamberlain, governor, steward.

Ethnarches the governor (not king) of a district: especially over ones ethnic group

Euthunoto straighten (level); technically, to steer:--governor, make straight. The power to direct and not necessarily a person. In this only use of governor it is speaking literally of a Rudder of a ship that is controlled by the helm. Figuratively it speaks of the tongue being ruled by the person.

So governor is a person in charge of something or a place to rule over something or some persons. These are not said to be Kings but mostly are subordinate to a King. So here again the words use din our base scriptures really have no specific meaning as to a King, Kingdom or a Monarchy

6) Principalities
Seen times the word Principalities is used in Scripture one in the OT and 6 in the NT.

The first use of this word in the Scriptures is found in Jeremiah 13:18 Say unto the king and to the queen, Humble yourselves, sit down: for your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory. The Hebrew word is Mar'ashah which literally and according tot he context means the collective kingdom of the King

Arche is the sole use for the word in the NT. Which we saw above under power. It is used here with the same meaning for ones appointed to rule over with Authority.

Well principalities are the far reaches of a kingdom ruled over by appointed men but they themselves are not Kings.

Now for our final word
Magistrate is found only 8 times in Scriptures

the first use and only use in the OT is in Ezr a7:25 And thou, Ezra, after the wisdom of thy God, that is in thine hand, set magistrates and judges, which may judge all the people that are beyond the river, all such as know the laws of thy God; and teach ye them that know them not. The Hebrew word is Sh@phat to judge:--magistrate. One to judge large matters that a regular judge cannot make a proper decision over. It would be like our Supreme Court Judge.

7) Magistrates

Arche see above under powers and pricipalities

Strategos a general, i.e. (by implication or analogy) a (military) governor (praetor), the chief (praefect) of the (Levitical) temple-wardens:--captain, magistrate. A Strategist like a General who plans out movements of his troops from a base camp. Basically one who is the rules over others

Peitharcheo - to be persuaded by a ruler, i.e. (genitive case) to submit to authority; by analogy, to conform to advice:--hearken, obey (magistrates). This is the use in Titus 3:1 to give heed to the magistrate.

Again we can see that none of these Greek words for Magistrates can be exclusive to a King, a Kingdom or a Monarchy.

Conclusion

While some would say they would like us to give up our notions that the US Government or governments like it are not to be liken to kings because Royalty no longer rules these nations. Thereby hinting that Scriptures like Romans 13 are not applicable because we are no under Royal rule have not done their Biblical Homework. We have gone through the scriptures and the words employed never once limited our Obedience to just Kings. We are to submit to the Higher Powers and to principalities, We are to obey the Magistrates and rulers, and we are to submit to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake.

For if we do not we need to live in fear of those whom God has placed in charge over us. Whether these be voted in by lawful assemblies under a democracy or if they be tyrants who usurped authority and oppress the people. Our duty is to God and His word and if we can not obey it in these Scriptures to submit to the Higher Powers how can we say we are Bible practicing Bible Believing men and women.

And our submission is for the Lord’s sake not our own or the nation in which we live. It is so the Lord wont be blasphemed by His body's disobedience to his own word. Adam needed only follow and submit to one rule. Paul and Peter knew we are men of like passions as Adam and we to need to be reminded that we are to submit to the governing Authority. No matter how they rule over us we are to submit to them and follow their laws that govern over our lives. Whether we like it or not that is the command from the Lord via his servant Paul and Peter as an ensample left us by our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.